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Epoxomicin
Potent and Selective Proteasome Inhibitor
Epoxomicin was originally isolated from the culture medium of an Actinomycetes strain based on its in vivo antitumor activity against murine B16 melanoma [J. Antibiot., 45, 1746 (1992)].
In 1999, L. Meng et al. reported that the potent inhibitory activity of epoxomicin specifically targets the proteasome. In contrast to peptide aldehyde proteasome inhibitors, epoxomicin does not inhibit nonproteasomal proteases such as calpain, papain, chymotrypsin, trypsin, and cathepsin B at concentrations of up to 50 μM [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 10403 (1999)]. This specific activity of epoxomicin may be explained by the proposed inhibition mechanism based on the X-ray analysis data reported by M. Groll et al. [J. Am. Chem. Soc., 122, 1237 (2000)]. In addition, L. Meng et al. also reported that epoxomicin shows almost equal activity with Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-H (aldehyde) in accumulation of p53 and ubiquitinated proteins in cultured cell, and its potency is much stronger than that of lactacystin. This fact implies that epoxomicin is a cell-permeable strong inhibitor for proteasome.
Fig. 1 Inhibition Mechanism of Proteasome by Epoxomicin.
We chemically synthesized epoxomicin. In the preliminary experiments in our laboratory, our epoxomicin showed approx. IC50 value of 9 nM against commercially available 20S proteasome. This IC50 value is similar to that of Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-H (aldehyde), and the potency is approx. 100 fold stronger than that of lactacystin (Fig. 2).
Chemically synthesized epoxomicin, having characteristics of cell-permeable, irreversible, potent, and specific inhibitory activity for proteasome, is now available from Peptide Institute, Inc.
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Inhibitor: Epoxomicin, Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-H, Lactacystin, Substrate: Suc-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-MCA (4.4 μM) Enzyme: 20S proteasome (1.1 nM), BostonBiochem lot 5799P Buffer: 20 mM TrisHCl/0.5 mM EDTA/0.035% SDS (pH 8.0) Temp: 25ºC Total volume: 340 μL Preincubation: 10 min (Inhibitor/Enzyme) Data reading: 1 min to 50 min Em: 450 nm, Ex: 360 nm |
Fig. 2 Comparison of Proteasome Inhibitory Activity
Reagents for Ubiquitin-Proteasome System
| Code | Compound | Package |
| 4381-v | Epoxomicin | 0.2 mg Vial |
Inhibitor
| Code | Compound | Package |
| 4368-v | Lactacystin | 0.2 mg Vial |
| 3207-v | Ubiquitin Aldehyde | 0.05 mg Vial |
| 3169-v | Z-Ile-Glu(OBut)Ala-Leu-H (aldehyde) [PSI] | 5 mg Vial |
| 3175-v | Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-H (aldehyde) [MG-132] | 5 mg Vial |
| 3170-v | Z-Leu-Leu-Nva-H (aldehyde) [MG-115] | 5 mg Vial |
Substrate
| Code | Compound | Package |
| 3140-v | Boc-Leu-Arg-Arg-MCA | 5 mg Vial |
| 3120-v | Suc-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-MCA | 5 mg Vial |
| 3176-v | Z-Leu-Arg-Gly-Gly-MCA | 5 mg Vial |
| 3179-v | Z-Leu-Leu-Glu-MCA | 5 mg Vial |
| 3177-v | Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-MCA | 5 mg Vial |
